Natural bioactive compounds have attracted increasing interest as adjuncts in periodontal therapy due to their potential to modulate inflammation and microbial activity. Among these compounds, propolis has been extensively explored because of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. The development of gel-based delivery systems has further enhanced its therapeutic potential by enabling localized application and controlled release at periodontal sites. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to summarize and discuss the available scientific evidence regarding the use of propolis-based gels in the treatment of periodontal disease. A total of ten studies were selected from the literature, including in vitro and in vivo investigations (n = 7) and clinical trials (n = 3). Overall, the studies demonstrated that propolis gels exhibited favorable physicochemical properties for periodontal application and suggested potential anti-inflammatory effects. However, the antimicrobial effectiveness against Porphyromonas gingivalis and the reduction in probing depth in animal models presented inconsistent findings. Although clinical studies reported favorable outcomes, substantial methodological heterogeneity among them limits direct comparison and interpretation. In summary, while propolis-based gels show promise as periodontal adjuncts due to their physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory potential, clinical evidence remains limited and inconsistent. High-quality randomized controlled trials are essential to establish standardized protocols and confirm long-term safety and efficacy.